Two senior Taliban leaders and at least 38 fighters have been killed by US-backed Afghan forces.
The strikes were carried out in northern and western regions of Afghanistan on Saturday night.
A senior security official in the capital Kabul said the attack was intended to foil action planned by the Taliban on Afghan forces.
Clashes between the two sides have escalated following the breakdown of diplomatic talks planned between the group and America earlier this month.
The Taliban’s designate governor for northern Samangan province, Mawlavi Nooruddin, was killed in Dara-e-Soof Payeen district, according to the defense ministry.
This was rejected by the Taliban, with spokesperson Zabihullah Mujahid saying: “He is alive.”
A statement from an Afghanistan official, Mohibullah Mohib, that Mullah Sayed Azim, a Taliban designate governor for Anar Dara district in western Farah, was also killed was not commented on by the group.
Elections are to be held in Afghanistan on 28 September, prompting senior security officials in Kabul to reveal a number of joint operations are being launched against Taliban and Islamic State fighters to prevent attacks.
Officials say 100, 000 members of the security forces have been readied for polling day.
Violence has escalated in the region after US President Donald Trump cancelled plans to meet with leaders of the Taliban earlier this month in America just days before the 18 th anniversary of the 9 / 11 attacks.
He made the announcement after the Taliban said they were behind an attack which killed a US soldier and several others.
On Thursday, a Taliban suicide car bomber killed four Afghan special forces troops on the outskirts of Kabul.
More than 2, 400 American troops have been killed since the US invaded Afghanistan to go after the Taliban, who were harboring al Qaeda leaders responsible for the 9 / 11 attacks.
About 13, 000 troops still remain in Afghanistan, and cancelling the talks appears to go against Mr Trump’s pledge to withdraw them and end US involvement in the country.
Meanwhile, the Taliban has revoked its ban on the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) in Afghanistan.
The group gave a guarantee of security for the emergency crisis group’s staff doing humanitarian work in areas under their control.
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