html{max-width:100vw} .fpm-async:not([data-fpm-type="outgoing"]) + .fpm-async:not([data-fpm-type="outgoing"]){display:none} [data-fpm-type]{background-color:transparent;transition:background-color .2s ease} [data-fpm-type]{position:relative;overflow:hidden;border-radius:3px;z-index:0} .fpm-cross{transition:box-shadow .2s ease;position:absolute;top:-0px;right:0;width:34px;height:34px;background:#7ca1d1;display:block;cursor:pointer;z-index:99;border:none;padding:0;min-width:0;min-height:0} .fpm-cross:hover{box-shadow:0 0 0 50px rgba(0,0,0,.2) inset} .fpm-cross:after, .fpm-cross:before{transition:transform .3s ease;content:'';display:block;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;right:0;bottom:0;width:calc(34px / 2);height:3px;background:#ffffff;transform-origin:center;transform:rotate(45deg);margin:auto} .fpm-cross:before{transform:rotate(-45deg)} .fpm-cross:hover:after{transform:rotate(225deg)} .fpm-cross:hover:before{transform:rotate(135deg)} .fpm-timer{position:absolute;top:-0px;right:0;padding:0 15px;color:#ffffff;background:#7ca1d1;line-height:34px;height:34px;text-align:center;font-size:14px;z-index:99} [data-fpm-type="outgoing"].center .fpm-timer,[data-fpm-type="outgoing"].center .fpm-cross{top:0!important} .fpm-timer span{font-size:16px;font-weight:600} [data-fpm-type="outgoing"]{transition:transform 300ms ease,opacity 300ms ease,min-width 0s;transition-delay:0s,0s,.3s;position:fixed;min-width:250px!important;z-index:9999;opacity:0;background:#ffffff;pointer-events:none;will-change:transform;overflow:visible;max-width:100vw} [data-fpm-type="outgoing"]:after{content:'';position:absolute;top:0;left:0;right:0;bottom:0;z-index:1;pointer-events:all} [data-fpm-type="outgoing"].fpm-show:after{pointer-events:none} [data-fpm-type="outgoing"] *{max-width:none} [data-fpm-type="outgoing"].left-top [id*="yandex_rtb_"], [data-fpm-type="outgoing"].right-top [id*="yandex_rtb_"], [data-fpm-type="outgoing"].left-center [id*="yandex_rtb_"], [data-fpm-type="outgoing"].right-center [id*="yandex_rtb_"], [data-fpm-type="outgoing"].left-bottom [id*="yandex_rtb_"], [data-fpm-type="outgoing"].right-bottom [id*="yandex_rtb_"]{max-width:336px;min-width:160px} [data-fpm-type].no-preloader:after,[data-fpm-type].no-preloader:before, [data-fpm-type="outgoing"]:after,[data-fpm-type="outgoing"]:before{display:none} [data-fpm-type="outgoing"].fpm-show{opacity:1;pointer-events:all;min-width:0!important} [data-fpm-type="outgoing"].center{position:fixed;top:50%;left:50%;height:auto;z-index:-2;opacity:0;transform:translateX(-50%) translateY(-50%) scale(.6)} [data-fpm-type="outgoing"].center.fpm-show{transform:translateX(-50%) translateY(-50%) scale(1);opacity:1} [data-fpm-type="outgoing"].center.fpm-show{z-index:2000} [data-fpm-type="outgoing"].left-top{top:0;left:0;transform:translateX(-100%)} [data-fpm-type="outgoing"].top-center{top:0;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%) translateY(-100%)} [data-fpm-type="outgoing"].right-top{top:0;right:0;transform:translateX(100%)} [data-fpm-type="outgoing"].left-center{top:50%;left:0;transform:translateX(-100%) translateY(-50%)} [data-fpm-type="outgoing"].right-center{top:50%;right:0;transform:translateX(100%) translateY(-50%)} [data-fpm-type="outgoing"].left-bottom{bottom:0;left:0;transform:translateX(-100%)} [data-fpm-type="outgoing"].bottom-center{bottom:0;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%) translateY(100%)} [data-fpm-type="outgoing"].right-bottom{bottom:0;right:0;transform:translateX(100%)} [data-fpm-type="outgoing"].fpm-show.left-center, [data-fpm-type="outgoing"].fpm-show.right-center{transform:translateX(0) translateY(-50%)} [data-fpm-type="outgoing"].fpm-show.top-center, [data-fpm-type="outgoing"].fpm-show.bottom-center{transform:translateX(-50%) translateY(0)} [data-fpm-type="outgoing"].fpm-show.left-top, [data-fpm-type="outgoing"].fpm-show.right-top, [data-fpm-type="outgoing"].fpm-show.left-bottom, [data-fpm-type="outgoing"].fpm-show.right-bottom{transform:translateX(0)} .fpm-overlay{position:fixed;width:100%;height:100%;pointer-events:none;top:0;left:0;z-index:1000;opacity:0;background:#0000008a;transition:all 300ms ease;-webkit-backdrop-filter:blur(0px);backdrop-filter:blur(0px)} [data-fpm-type="outgoing"].center.fpm-show ~ .fpm-overlay{opacity:1;pointer-events:all} .fpm-fixed{position:fixed;z-index:50} .fpm-stop{position:relative;z-index:50} .fpm-preroll{position:relative;overflow:hidden;display:block} .fpm-preroll.hasIframe{padding-bottom:56.25%;height:0} .fpm-preroll iframe{display:block;width:100%;height:100%;position:absolute} .fpm-preroll_flex{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;right:0;bottom:0;background:rgba(0,0,0,.65);opacity:0;transition:opacity .35s ease;z-index:2} .fpm-preroll_flex.fpm-show{opacity:1} .fpm-preroll_flex.fpm-hide{pointer-events:none;z-index:-1} .fpm-preroll_item{position:relative;max-width:calc(100% - 68px);max-height:100%;z-index:-1;pointer-events:none;cursor:default} .fpm-preroll_flex.fpm-show .fpm-preroll_item{z-index:3;pointer-events:all} .fpm-preroll_flex .fpm-timer, .fpm-preroll_flex .fpm-cross{top:10px!important;right:10px!important} .fpm-preroll_hover{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;right:0;bottom:0;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:2} .fpm-preroll_flex:not(.fpm-show) .fpm-preroll_hover{cursor:pointer} .fpm-hoverroll{position:relative;overflow:hidden;display:block} .fpm-hoverroll_item{position:absolute;bottom:0;left:50%;margin:auto;transform:translateY(100%) translateX(-50%);transition:all 300ms ease;z-index:1000;max-height:100%} .fpm-preroll_item [id*="yandex_rtb_"], .fpm-hoverroll_item [id*="yandex_rtb_"]{min-width:160px} .fpm-hoverroll:hover .fpm-hoverroll_item:not(.fpm-hide){transform:translateY(0) translateX(-50%)} .fpm-slider{display:grid} .fpm-slider > *{grid-area:1/1;margin:auto;opacity:0;transform:translateX(200px);transition:all 420ms ease;pointer-events:none;width:100%;z-index:0} .fpm-slider > *.fpm-hide{transform:translateX(-100px)!important;opacity:0!important;z-index:0!important} .fpm-slider > *.fpm-show{transform:translateX(0);pointer-events:all;opacity:1;z-index:1} .fpm-slider .fpm-timeline{width:100%;height:2px;background:#f6f5ff;position:relative} .fpm-slider .fpm-timeline:after{content:'';position:absolute;background:#d5ceff;height:100%;transition:all 300ms ease;width:0} .fpm-slider > *.fpm-show .fpm-timeline:after{animation:timeline var(--duration) ease} .fpm-slider > *:hover .fpm-timeline:after{animation:timeline-hover} .fpm-slider > *:after{content:'';position:absolute;top:0;left:0;right:0;bottom:0;z-index:1;pointer-events:all} .fpm-slider > *.fpm-show:after{pointer-events:none} @keyframes timeline-hover{} @keyframes timeline{0% {width:0}100% {width:100%}} .fpm-interscroller-wrapper{position:relative;width:100%;max-width:100%;height:var(--height)} .fpm-interscroller{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;clip:rect(0,auto,auto,0);background:var(--background)} .fpm-interscroller + div{position:absolute;bottom:0;left:0;right:0;top:0;margin:auto;display:block;height:1px} .fpm-interscroller-inner{position:fixed;top:50%;transform:translate(0,-50%);max-width:100%;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center;width:var(--width)} .fpm-interscroller-inner > div{min-width:100px;min-height:100px} .fpm-interscroller-text{position:absolute;text-align:center;padding:10px;background:var(--background);color:var(--color);font-size:14px;z-index:1;line-height:1.4} .fpm-interscroller-text.top{top:0;left:0;right:0} .fpm-interscroller-text.bottom{bottom:0;left:0;right:0}

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in Cards, Punched

Punched Cards, Hacker News

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Pomology Horticulture Punched Card

Punched cards were widely used for a range of statistical applications. This card is from a set produced at the University of Illinois in the They were created to analyze data for fruit tree research on the university farms.

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From Math to Data

People used calculators to manipulate numbers. But how do you make machines that also manipulate words or ideas?

Punched cards, a mainstay of early office automation and computing, helped launch the transition from doing math to processing data. Patterns of holes punched in cards can represent any kind of information. Punched cards can preserve data too: just file them away!