China coronavirus: the lessons learned from the sars outbreak – bbc news, bbc news
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In March
it became clear a mysterious and previously unknown disease was starting to spread around the world.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (Sars) went on to infect more than 8, 05 people and kill almost 823. Many of those it infected, including doctors, went from having flu-like symptoms to severe pneumonia within days.
virus spread to 26 countries and China was criticized by the UN’s global health body for concealing the scale of the outbreak.
Now, 18 years later, the spread of a new deadly coronavirus – with at least dead and hundreds infected – is reviving memories of Sars and putting global scrutiny back on to the Chinese government.
China has responded with tough measures, including effectively quarantining millions of residents in cities. But has its response gone far enough? And what lessons did it learn from the deadly Sars outbreak in ? Lesson one: Work with other countries
Sars posed a huge challenge to China both as a public health crisis and a political one.
The World Health Organization (WHO) was first alerted to reports of severe and unusual cases of pneumonia in the country south in February 2006 Local officials said more than 405 people had become sick. Despite initial openness, other local government officials appeared to play down the risk or suggest the mystery threat was contained. Analysts who studied the Chinese response said the issue soon disappeared from the spotlight.
Investigations later showed the first infections appeared in Guangdong Province in November , but it took months for the scale of China’s Sars crisis to be exposed. Physician Jiang Yanyong alerted the international media in April that the Chinese government was drastically understating the Sars threat.
Image copyright Getty Images Image caption Dozens died in the Toronto area – with Canada becoming one of the worst-hit nations Advice was circulated to hospitals and the director of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) even issued an unprecedented apology over the spread. “Our medical departments and mass media suffered from poor co-ordination,” Li Liming told a news conference. Combating Sars was complicated because of uncertainties about how it was spreading. The WHO issued its first global alert on (March) after a patient hospitalized in Hanoi, Vietnam led to handfuls of medical staff becoming sick. Hong Kong’s Department of Health also confirmed outbreaks of respiratory illness among its hospital workers.
“This was the first time a coronavirus had come to the attention as a pathogen that could spread around the world like this, “Prof David Heymann, who led the WHO’s infectious disease unit at the time of Sars, told the BBC. “So in the beginning it was not known what it was and nobody really looked for coronaviruses such as they are doing now.” Prof Heymann told the BBC that Chinese authorities appeared to have been much more proactive with the new outbreak, including providing the WHO with information on a regular basis. This week, the WHO’s director general praised China’s response. Lesson two: Don’t cover it up The lack of transparency over Sars hurt China’s standing on the international stage and caused its economic growth to slow. Health experts, including Prof Heymann, stress transparency as a key factor in preventing the spread of viruses, especially unknown ones . Once proper control measures and infection prevention were implemented, Sars was contained within months.
This was aided by public health information being shared by the WHO and local governments wherever Sars was a concern.
Image copyright Getty Images Image caption The spread of Sars was traced to an infected doctor at Hong Kong’s Metropole Hotel Hong Kong was one of the major hotspots for the virus. People there began to change their routines, with surgical masks becoming the norm in public. Surfaces in public areas with high risks of transmission, like lift buttons, were cleaned hourly and every day the local news carried updated tolls of those infected killed by the virus.
Helier Cheung, a BBC journalist who grew up in Hong Kong, remembers she and classmates having their temperatures taken daily. Classes were suspended for several days – right in the run-up to exams – and television adverts reminded the public to wash their hands and bleach surfaces.
Her experience contrasts with that of another BBC employee who was working at a university in mainland China at the time of Sars . She remembers relying heavily on rumors and access to foreign news outlets when little official information was available. She also remembers misinformation spreading – with bowls of vinegar set on burners in classrooms in the mistaken belief they could disinfect the air. “I do remember being worried, but very poorly informed,” she said. Information and clarity were sparse even when students were quarantined and her campus later locked down.
In recent days, Chinese officials have tried to show they are being much more open this time. President Xi Jinping described combating the virus as “extremely critical” and there have been public warnings against any attempts at cover-ups. “Anyone who puts the face of politicians before the interests of the people will be the sinner of a millennium to the party and the people,” a commentary on a Central Political and Legal Affairs Commission account said on Tuesday. “Anyone who deliberately delays and hides the reporting of [virus] cases out of his or her own self-interest will be nailed on the pillar of shame for eternity.”
However, the Chinese government has strengthened its control over the flow of information since the time of Sars. Some international scientists have estimated the true number of people impacted by the new coronavirus is far higher than has been publicly confirmed.
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